Not only genetic predisposition, but also environmental factors lead to celiac disease development in a patient. The question of whether intestinal dysbiosis is disease cause or consequence remains opened. This review presents current achievements in studying correlations between intestinal microbiota state and celiac disease development, as well as evaluates methods for microbial imbalance correction in affecting disease pathogenetic mechanisms. Based on current studies analysis, it can be concluded that any microbiota changes in patients with celiac disease should be considered not only because of the disease, but also as part of complex of interacting causal factors, including dietary and psychosocial aspects. Potential probiotics strengths are associated with restoration of intestinal microflora composition and immune response modulation. Altogether, it increases resistance to pathogens and may reduce gastrointestinal symptoms severity in patients on gluten-free diet.