The article is an analysis of the foundations and logic of development of modern civilization. Methodologically, the authors draw on historical materialist conception of Marxism, emphasizing in modern bourgeois world order economic entity, as its cultural and civilizational principle. This principle unfolds as a specific treatment of resources assigned and performativity in acts of entrepreneurial initiative. Thus the authors understand alienation as the essence of exploitation, which gives rise to a fundamental conflict between the ultimate nature of things and the fact that it believes the businessman. Further, the authors identify two main phases of development of bourgeois civilization. For the first phase characteristic of the geopolitical strategy involving alienation, exploitation, ie, an essential reformatting external to the human civilization development resources (land, minerals, labor). For the second, modern phase characteristic of the biopolitical strategy involving alienation, exploitation, etcE. essential reformatting of the internal (existential) content of human existence. In conclusion, the authors draw attention to the fundamental difference between the existential resource, expressed in its fundamental neischislimye that indicates the limits of development of bourgeois civilization.