In 1917, after the October revolution, the construction of the world's first socialist state began in our country. The Bolsheviks declared the Orthodox Russian Church one of their main ideological enemies at that time. In the first years of Soviet power, an attempt was made to destroy Orthodox monasteries as the spiritual and economic basis of the Church. This article examines the relationship between the Iversky Valdai monastery and the Bolshevik authorities. Some archived data is being put into scientific circulation for the first time.