The paper is retrospective and reveals peculiarities of Russian-Mongolian relationships during Soviet times. It is generally accepted that Soviet Russia had contributed a lot to formation of the independent state of Mongolia, which had chosen socialist way of development. The paper focuses on the steps of this development. The subject of analysis is a phenomenon of poster which became wide-spread as a type of propaganda and agitation first in Russia and later in Mongolia as well. The paper shows a succession of the poster displaying tradition. The roots of poster-making are traced back to the industrialization period in western countries; its historical evolution leading to revolutionary posters, first appeared in Russia, is shown as well. Poster-making is analyzed as a creative activity, uniting aesthetic elements with laconically put propaganda ideas. The paper shows connection of poster-making art with traditions of amateur and folk arts of both countries, which explains the successful impact of political posters on people. The paper shows that revolutionary poster being accessible and spectacular had become the source of information and contributed to the success of revolution Mongolia in 1921. The need to produce and distribute posters became a reason for building cultural relations with Russia, which became a mediator in the process of Mongolian adaptation of some ideas and values of western culture. Poster-making art helped in formation of new values, propagated advantages of the settled way of life, showed Mongolian socialist society and its political life. The archive documents and modern Mongolian research are used to illustrate the idea that poster-making and other soviet ways of agitation were in great demand in the time of national socialist Mongolian culture formation.