The article presents an analytical review of the VI International Political and Economic Congress “Economic Theories of the XXI Century: Potential for Development and Solutions of the Practical Problems” (IPEC-2022) that took place in Moscow, on May 17-19, 2022, within the frames of Moscow Academic Economic Forum. The Forum was organized by the Department of Economics, M. V. Lomonosov Moscow State University; S. Yu. Witte Institute of New Industrial Development (St. Petersburg); Journals “Issues of Political Economy” and “Problems of Modern Economics.” Reports and presentations made by the Forum participants focus on the new realities of the Russian economy resulting from the economic and hybrid war launched by the West against the present-day Russia. This new reality requires an adequate reflection in the Russian economic thought. Russian political economy faces the tasks of developing measures and tools for economic mobilization. The authors of the review argues that materials of the Congress require meticulous scholarly analysis, systematization of conclusions, and development of steps corresponding both to the current moment and the long-term strategy of Russia’s development.