The article discusses current understanding of the psychophysiological mechanisms of craving, outlines scientific views on dopaminergic neuroadaptation as the neurobiological process that underlies motivational significance in addictive behavior, and substantiates the use of craving induction procedure in experimental research, that allows exploring different aspects of craving for psychoactive substances in conditions most close to real life. In addition, an experimental design of the study “Psychophysiological correlates of induced craving for psychoactive substances in patients with alcohol dependence and opioid addiction” is described; data on the research methodology and main expected results are discussed.