The research systematically analyses the national legal of the water resources in the countries of the Tigris and Euphrates basin: Turkey, Syria and Iraq, forming a single political and geographical subregional space. In the context of the paper, one should state the genetic and legal pecularities of the laws of the Middle Eastern countries because their formation at the present stage of development was significantly influenced by the legal schools of the Great Britain and France. There are also strong connections to the Turkish system, both because of the Ottoman legacy and the common Muslim legal tradition. When analyzing the relevant laws, this fact was also considered. In summary, Turkey, unlike Iraq and Syria, has established a legislative framework that is constantly updated and updated to regulate the water sector. Managing local systems from a single center has had a significant impact on their efficiency. So, it became possible to a large extent due to the borrowing of Western European practices. Unlike the Republic of Turkey, the main vector of the national water policy of Syria and Iraq was not aimed at the construction of high-rise dams and hydroelectric power stations, but at covering the basic needs of the population and agriculture in fresh water. The absence of comprehensive national water legislation is an important problem in the institutional and legal regulation of water resources in Syria and Iraq. Water resource regulation within the Syrian and Iraqi national legal framework is not as well-defined as in a comparable Turkish case.