In this article, the authors consider the ontological and epistemological aspects of criticism of typologies. Analysis of both classical philosophy and archeology shows methodological foundations of the problems of creating typologies. The authors show the connection between these problems and a general scientific paradigm development in the XVI Century. Moreover, they explore how archaeologists became aware of such problems and tried to solve them. To overcome the manifested problems, the authors use the ergological method. This method helps them to provide essential questions, which answers could help in developing typologies.