This is the first Russian research and commented translation of a relatively unrenowned treatise by St. Nicetas of Remesiana "De diversis apellationibus Christi" ("On the Different Names of Christ"). For the first time, the author explores a number of issues of the ethno-religious life in the Balkan-Carpathian region to put forward a series of hypotheses. One of them is the possibility that St. Niceta of Remesiana's missionary activity covered not only the Balkans, but also also the Carpatian-Dnestre region, i.e. the territory of modern Romania and Moldova. In addition, the author argues that the controversy of Divine names had a serious theological significance in the dispute with the extreme Arians - the Eunomians. The paper investigates the question of the authorship of the anthem "Te Deum" attributed to St. Nicetas of Remesiana and possible influence of Cappadocian fathers (mostly St. Gregory of Nyssa) on the works by St. Nicetas of Remesiana and on his treatise. The author claims that this treatise partially reflects the every-day life of the people in the Balkan-Carpathian region, their fears, hopes and disasters, including persecutions by the Goth-pagans.