The article reviews current understanding of the interaction of a silicone implant with the human body, while using this material for increasing and reconstruction of the mammary glands in Plastic Aesthetic and Reconstructive Surgery as well as in Oncomammology. There is briefly presented the evolution of views from the beginning of the use of silicone as an endoprosthesis to the present state of the problem, not omitting the existing contradictory views on the problem. Local and systemic immune responses of the organism to silicone as a foreign body are disassembled. Possible mechanisms of interaction of silicone particles and the human immune system are presented in the variety of reactions - from the formation of granulomata of foreign bodies to the production of a variety of antibodies. The article explores the concepts of “Adjuvant breast disease”, ASIA-syndrome, and other possible reactions of the mammalian immune system, including the reaction of the body to the adjuvant, which in this case is a silicone of a shell and of a filler of implant. Possible pathophysiologic mechanisms of immune system alteration in silicone implantation as well as the prospective ways of predicting and preventing such reactions are indicated (2 tables, bibliography: 76 refs).