The aim of the article is to study intellectual capital, which is the basis of the competitive advantages of modern organizations. The objectives of the article are to analyze the basic prerequisites for the formation of the concept of intellectual capital and the basic approaches to its definition in the contemporary social and humanitarian discourse. The scientific research methods included the methods of scientific analysis and synthesis. The results of the research are the approaches to the definition of intellectual capital, as well as the main indicators of its identification and evaluation. The practical importance of the article is to analyze practical tools for recognizing the intangible assets of organizations, their evaluation and measurement.