The article is devoted to the analysis of socio-cultural prerequisites for the origin of scientific and philosophical thought in Russia. Turning to the history of St. Petersburg, the authors point to the symbolic meaning of the emergence of a new capital, which predetermined the continental-marine fate of the Russian civilization, combining both the protective principle and the principle of progressive modernization. In this regard, the authors point to the specific feature of the Russian revolutionary, which implies socio-cultural renewal through regular return to the primordial principles of civilizational construction. An integral element of modernization, the authors see the development of scientific and philosophical knowledge in Russia, which, on the one hand, seeks to ensure that the updating of the technological capacity of the corresponding estestvennosti-cal bases of the Russian civilization, and with another - to express our values and the activities of Teleostei the contents of national identity. Reconstructing the vector of development of Russian scholarship, the authors distinguish the studies of M. V. Lomonosov and V. V. Dokuchaev, on the example of which show how the comprehensive restoration of the integrity of the universe took a priority place in the scientific and philosophical experience of Russia. In the end, the authors put forward the hypothesis that the Russian Eurasians, N. S. Trubetskoy in his "Personology", P. N. Savitsky, in his "Russian Studies", purposefully reproduced the principle of spatial and temporal involvement of elements adopted by Lomonosov. This principle can be put on the basis of methodological synthesis, which cultivates not the physics of abstract quantities and not the chemistry of refined substances, but the nature of its integrity and obvious representation. And at the base of the updated system of knowledge can be located not chemistry or physics, botany or zoology, but-soil science, forestry, crop production, subsoil use, etc.