The article is dedicated to the 125th anniversary of the birth of the outstanding Russian pediatrician, Academician Aleksandr Fyodorovich Tur and the 75th anniversary of the lifting the siege of Leningrad in the Great Patriotic War. Professor A.F. Tur directly participated in the organization of medical care for children in the besieged city of Leningrad, for 10 years he was the chief pediatrician of the city. The experience of the work of children’s polyclinics in Leningrad on the basis of a single pediatrician subsequently became the property of the whole country. A.F. Tur made a huge contribution to the protection of children of the besieged city, directed the Children’s Nutrition Board, proposed original methods for combating alimentary dystrophy, helped to create a system of rigorous provision of children with food, shelter, fuel, organization of the correct regime in shelters, and continuous monitoring of vaccinations for children. The Society of Pediatric Doctors headed by Prof. Yu.A. Mendeleva and A.F. Tur was one of the first to renew its meetings in the besieged Leningrad. The name of A.F. Tur is associated with the establishment of domestic dietetics, neonatology, pediatric hematology, pediatric endocrinology. Among his students, there are more than 110 candidates and 28 doctors of medical sciences. In peacetime, A.F. Tur was awarded two orders of Lenin, in 1970 he was awarded (jointly with G.N. Speranskii and Yu.F. Dombrovskaya) the title of the Laureate of the Lenin Prize “... for a series of works on the physiology and pathology of young children, contributing to a sharp decline in morbidity and mortality among them».