The article presents the main stages in the development of the brain biochemistry study at St. Petersburg (Leningrad) State University, starting from the foundation of the Biochemistry Department in 1928. The contribution to neurochemistry of professors E.S. London, G.E. Vladimirov, I.P. Ashmarin, M.I. Prokhorova is discussed. Brief information about the training of young neurochemists at St. Petersburg State University at the present time is given.