The main factors governing the formation of river water chemistry on the northwestern slope of the Crimean Mountains were studied, and the ecological conditions of river water are estimated. The data used in the study have been collected during summer field studies in 2003–2022. River water chemistry is not stable and varies depending on weather conditions in individual years and anthropogenic impact. The effect of geological–hydrogeological conditions on the macro- and microcomponent composition in the natural water of the region is demonstrated. The concentrations of chemical elements in the surface waters in the Bodrak River basin are proposed to be used as natural (background) concentrations of chemical elements in river waters not experiencing anthropogenic impact.