DOI


We propose a scheme for realizing vortex molecules in a nonresonant, incoherently pumped exciton-polariton condensate under finite rounded uniform pumping. These vortex molecules emerge as collective states of multiple vortices, which are stabilized by a balance between the repulsive interactions among vortices and the attractive influence of the pumping boundary. The gain and loss mechanism plays a crucial role in sustaining this attractive effect, making it an intrinsic phenomenon unique to the system. Furthermore, we demonstrate that reducing the boundary width enhances this attractive effect. In addition, the vortices are not confined by uniform pumping, which leads to the formation of vortex molecules that rotate in a regular manner around the pumping center due to vortex-vortex interactions. This behavior is in contrast to the less regular motion observed in a single vortex. The trajectories of these vortex molecules exhibit two distinct patterns. The first pattern consists of regular circular orbits, while the second pattern consists of orbits with periodically varying radii. Within the second category, a special type of trajectory is characterized by helical motion, which we refer to as the spiral trajectory. Moreover, by adjusting the pumping size, exciton diffusion rate, and pumping intensity, it is possible to control different orbital configurations and regulate the average angular velocities of the vortex molecules. This enables the realization of a zero average angular velocity and allows for the reversal of their rotational direction. Our proposed scheme introduces a class of dynamically stable solutions in exciton-polariton condensates, providing insights into interaction mechanisms in nonequilibrium physics. Additionally, vortex molecules offer promising applications in polariton neural networks and quantum communication..
Язык оригиналаанглийский
Номер статьи245119
Число страниц13
ЖурналPhysical Review B
Том111
Номер выпуска24
DOI
СостояниеОпубликовано - 5 июн 2025

ID: 137607395