The results of ultrasound study were analyzed in 148 and 26 patients with acute small and intestinal obstruction, respectively, the causes of the latter included different diseases of the intestine and abdominal organs. The commonest ultrasound symptoms based on the diameter of the bowel, on the thickness and structure of the intestinal wall, on the status of mucosal motility folds of intestinal loops and on the pattern of motility were defined. They enable one to differentiate large and small intestinal obstruction and to define its degree with a high degree of validity. Abdominal ultrasonography used in the emergency surgical setting may rapidly solve problem in the diagnosis of abnormal changes, differential mechanical and functional ileus in most cases. Dynamic ultrasound monitoring allows the efficiency of the treatment performed to be evaluated.