TY - JOUR

T1 - Ultrasound Assistant Deep-Eutectic-Solvent-Based Liquid–Liquid Microextraction for the Determination of Transesterification Catalyst in Biodiesel Samples

AU - Шишов, Андрей Юрьевич

AU - Markova, U. O.

AU - Nizov, E. R.

AU - Melesova, M. A.

AU - Meshcheva, D. A.

AU - Krekhova, F. M.

AU - Bulatov, A. V.

PY - 2023/5/12

Y1 - 2023/5/12

N2 - Abstract: Hydroxides of alkali and alkaline earth metals are most widely used as catalysts for transesterification of triglycerides of fatty acids in biodiesel production. After biodiesel purification, the determination of catalyst residue is performed to prevent their excess accumulation. Catalysts can promote the degradation of biodiesel. In this research, a simple, fast, and environmentally friendly strategy for the sensitive determination of transesterification catalysts (sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) in biodiesel samples by flame atomization atomic absorption spectrometry is developed. The developed procedure is based on ultrasound assistant dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of the catalysts in a hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent prepared by mixing quaternary ammonium salt and carboxylic acid. The effect of the nature of the deep eutectic solvent on the mass transfer of catalysts is investigated; in addition, the microextraction procedure conditions are optimized to obtain high sensitivity. The limits of detection established for the proposed procedure are 0.03 mg kg–1 for all analytes. No hazardous and volatile organic solvents are required for sample pretreatment. Sample preparation time is less 15 min.

AB - Abstract: Hydroxides of alkali and alkaline earth metals are most widely used as catalysts for transesterification of triglycerides of fatty acids in biodiesel production. After biodiesel purification, the determination of catalyst residue is performed to prevent their excess accumulation. Catalysts can promote the degradation of biodiesel. In this research, a simple, fast, and environmentally friendly strategy for the sensitive determination of transesterification catalysts (sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium) in biodiesel samples by flame atomization atomic absorption spectrometry is developed. The developed procedure is based on ultrasound assistant dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction of the catalysts in a hydrophilic deep eutectic solvent prepared by mixing quaternary ammonium salt and carboxylic acid. The effect of the nature of the deep eutectic solvent on the mass transfer of catalysts is investigated; in addition, the microextraction procedure conditions are optimized to obtain high sensitivity. The limits of detection established for the proposed procedure are 0.03 mg kg–1 for all analytes. No hazardous and volatile organic solvents are required for sample pretreatment. Sample preparation time is less 15 min.

KW - biodiesel

KW - deep eutectic solvent

KW - flame atomization atomic absorption spectrometry

KW - transesterification catalysts

KW - ultrasound assistant dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/bf2b7696-0703-33fb-9621-c2522121c543/

U2 - 10.1134/s004057952301013x

DO - 10.1134/s004057952301013x

M3 - Article

VL - 57

SP - 104

EP - 111

JO - Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering

JF - Theoretical Foundations of Chemical Engineering

SN - 0040-5795

IS - 1

ER -