An increase in the number of patients with thyroid gland diseases leads to an increase of cases when thyroid surgery is indicated. Despite of the existence of various methods for identifying the parathyroid glands, the issue of postoperative hypoparathyroidism is relevant until nowadays. Recently ICG fluorescent angiography has been successfully introduced into various fields of surgery. It provides reliable assessment of perfusion in various organs and tissues. This article addresses the international experience in ICG fluorescent angiography in endocrine surgery for postoperative hypoparathyroidism prevention, depending on intraoperative blood flow activity in the parathyroid glands. It is shown that ICG fluorescent angiography is a reliable method of the parathyroid glands identification and preservation. This technology may thereby minimize the risk of postoperative hypoparathyroidism.