The relationship between dorsal root afferents and lumbar motoneurons has been studied in the isolated spinal cord of Rana ridibunda tadpoles. It was found that primary afferents do not form direct contacts with "primary" motoneurons innervating the axial musculature used by the larvae in swimming. Monosynaptic connections were revealed only between afferent fibres and lateral motor column motoneurons which innervate the developing hindlimb. The transmission in these synapses was dual: electrical and chemical. During the metamorphic stages when the locomotion is gradually taken over by the developing hindlimbs, an increase of the percentage of motoneurons receiving direct synaptic input from the primary afferents was observed.