The article explores with a wide range of issues related to the definition of the value and role of the stability of the management system of innovative development to ensure the competitiveness of modern national States. The authors use the concepts of new globalization and the Fourth industrial revolution to analyze the context of modern innovative development, challenges and obstacles facing it. Special attention is paid to the specifics of modern Russian innovation policy, its weaknesses and strengths. The authors come to the conclusion that the governmental institutions in Russia shall become more dynamic, increasing the state’s ability to develop successfully in an unstable environment, develop and implement a proactive governance strategy.