In the age of globalization learning a foreign language can be used as an important mean of cross-cultural understanding. Nowadays, there have been a lot of changes in the social life of people in different countries. Therefore, the language teaching and learning requires a comprehensive approach. That is especially true for the Japanese language, because, being a native language of one of the most closed nations in the world, its proficiency may be useful not only for communication, but also for better understanding the culture and mentality of the Japanese people. In the case of Japanese the teaching process can be divided into several subjects, such as grammar, writing, spoken language, the Japanese media, translation of Japanese fiction, historical text etc. Each of these subjects has its own specifics of learning and aims at developing translation or interpreting skills, as well as skills of writing a research paper or working with documents etc. However, learning just the language is not enough for building an intercultural dialogue. It is the task of lecturers to encourage learners to study geography, history, including the current political and economic situation, culture and ethnography, as well as customs and specifics of daily life of the Japanese people. The proper knowledge of the Japanese realities helps to make an adequate translation, what is especially important for state-to-state relations issue. Consequently, working out the appropriate Japanese teaching methodologies, taking into account socio-cultural factors, is finally aimed at building up the constructive dialogue with the Japanese nation.