The paper represents a part of a research project which is aimed at the development of corpus-driven semantic-grammatical description of Russian prepositional constructions. In this paper we investigate the structure of synonymous and quasi-synonymous semantic relations for primary and secondary prepositions in the Russian language. The metalanguage for prepositional meaning identification is described. The methodology for processing corpus data and calculating frequency characteristics of prepositional constructions in modern Russian texts is presented. We demonstrate results of our methodology on semantics rubrics of temporative and locative syntaxemes. The semantic description of preposition governors and governees and its usage is shown.