DOI

Based on prior studies focusing on single-parameter, single-switch hybrid optimal pollution-control problems with linear pollution loss, this paper extends the framework to multi-parameter and multiple-switch scenarios. By modeling key parameters as periodic piecewise-constant functions with predefined switching instants, we formulate a generalized hybrid optimal control problem. The corresponding periodic solutions are established, and the convergence behaviors of the system are analyzed under both linear and quadratic pollution loss functions. The study systematically compares the system’s convergence behavior under linear and quadratic pollution loss functions, revealing significant differences in the resulting equilibrium trajectories and stability characteristics. Our results reveal distinct dynamical properties, including the emergence of saddle-type hybrid limit cycles. The theoretical results provide new insights into the hybrid dynamics of pollution control systems and highlight the role of parameter switching in shaping long-term sustainable control strategies.
Язык оригиналаанглийский
Номер статьи629
ЖурналNonlinear Dynamics
Том114
Номер выпуска9
DOI
СостояниеОпубликовано - 30 апр 2026

ID: 153040969