This chapter examines the historical and political features of the participation of the Russian Federation in the activities of the United Nations peacekeeping contingent in Western Sahara. The chapter contains empirical material showing the difficulties associated with the creation of this mission directly on the territory where the conflicting parties are located, the attempts of Russian representatives to convey to the leadership of the Frente POLISARIO proposals for resolving the conflict based on historical precedents. The position of Russia on the decision to extend the mission to November 2021 is presented, expressed in concern that the mission has changed its purpose, and differs from the intentions of the world community that were at its creation. The chapter provides an understanding that the younger generation of Russians believe that the principle of “self-determination of peoples” through a referendum changes the principle of “inviolability of generally recognized borders.”