TY - JOUR

T1 - Repertoire of the Bacillus thuringiensis Virulence Factors Unrelated to Major Classes of Protein Toxins and Its Role in Specificity of Host-Pathogen Interactions

AU - Malovichko, Yury V.

AU - Nizhnikov, Anton A.

AU - Antonets , Kirill S.

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2019/6/17

Y1 - 2019/6/17

N2 - Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram-positive soil bacteria that infects invertebrates, predominantly of Arthropoda phylum. Due to its immense host range Bt has become a leading producer of biopesticides applied both in biotechnology and agriculture. Cytotoxic effect of Bt, as well as its host specificity, are commonly attributed either to proteinaceous crystal parasporal toxins (Cry and Cyt) produced by bacteria in a stationary phase or to soluble toxins of Vip and Sip families secreted by vegetative cells. At the same time, numerous non-toxin virulence factors of Bt have been discovered, including metalloproteases, chitinases, aminopolyol antibiotics and nucleotide-mimicking moieties. These agents act at each stage of the B. thuringiensis invasion and contribute to cytotoxic properties of Bt strains enhancing toxin activity, ensuring host immune response evasion and participating in extracellular matrix degeneration. In this review we attempt to classify Bt virulence factors unrelated to major groups of protein toxins and discuss their putative role in the establishment of Bt specificity to various groups of insects

AB - Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a Gram-positive soil bacteria that infects invertebrates, predominantly of Arthropoda phylum. Due to its immense host range Bt has become a leading producer of biopesticides applied both in biotechnology and agriculture. Cytotoxic effect of Bt, as well as its host specificity, are commonly attributed either to proteinaceous crystal parasporal toxins (Cry and Cyt) produced by bacteria in a stationary phase or to soluble toxins of Vip and Sip families secreted by vegetative cells. At the same time, numerous non-toxin virulence factors of Bt have been discovered, including metalloproteases, chitinases, aminopolyol antibiotics and nucleotide-mimicking moieties. These agents act at each stage of the B. thuringiensis invasion and contribute to cytotoxic properties of Bt strains enhancing toxin activity, ensuring host immune response evasion and participating in extracellular matrix degeneration. In this review we attempt to classify Bt virulence factors unrelated to major groups of protein toxins and discuss their putative role in the establishment of Bt specificity to various groups of insects

KW - Bacillus thuringiensis

KW - Bt

KW - Chitinase

KW - Host

KW - Insect

KW - Metalloprotease

KW - Pathogen

KW - Specificity

KW - Toxin

KW - Virulence

KW - PERITROPHIC MEMBRANE

KW - ESCHERICHIA-COLI

KW - chitinase

KW - GYPSY-MOTH LEPIDOPTERA

KW - toxin

KW - SUBSP KURSTAKI

KW - specificity

KW - insect

KW - host

KW - CHITINASE

KW - metalloprotease

KW - CEREUS GROUP

KW - TRICHOPLUSIA-NI

KW - BETA-EXOTOXIN

KW - virulence

KW - GENE-CLUSTER

KW - pathogen

KW - DELTA-ENDOTOXIN

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85069312631&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/toxins11060347

DO - 10.3390/toxins11060347

M3 - Review article

C2 - 31212976

VL - 11

JO - Toxins

JF - Toxins

SN - 2072-6651

IS - 6

M1 - 347

ER -