Research background: Sustainable development is one of the main priorities of the global economy, which is especially important in a geopolitically complex. One of the key points of sustainable development is green economy. Although the application of green technologies has a basis from the perspective of ecology, biology and other earth sciences and has its own economic efficiency, it can create problems in such areas of the economy as food and energy security. In particular, the examples of Ghana and Sri Lanka clearly demonstrate that even quite successful countries can lead to an economic crisis due to the non-competitive introduction of green technologies. Otoh, green technologies make it possible to develop export-oriented import substitution within the framework of proactive industrial policy.
Purpose of the article: The purpose of the research is to analyse the economic policies of several countries and identify the success factors of economic policies aimed at achieving sustainable development.
Methods: Such methods as building a matrix of competitiveness of territories and the Balassa index for analysing the prospects for export orientation are used.
Findings & Value added: Conclusions are drawn that the implementation of green technologies should be based on an adequate economic policy, otherwise the country's economy may not withstand this transition. Using the example of Russia, the article shows how to apply the Balassa index in assessing sectoral prospects for the implementation of an export-oriented industrial policy strategy and how such a strategy allows achieving a high level of food and energy security.