The modern view of planets goes far beyond the usual concept of the planets as bodies of the Solar system. The discovery of exoplanets has immeasurably expanded the understanding of the architecture and properties of planetary systems. Major advances have been made in the study of the planets and minor bodies of the Solar system. However, no answers have been received to fundamental questions about the causes of various paths of evolution and formation of planetary natural complexes. To give answers to these questions, research on exoplanets is called upon, of which more than 5000 have been discovered to date. Exoplanet studies provide an approach to solving the key problems of stellar-planetary cosmogony — the genesis and evolution of planets as byproduct of star formation. The most urgent problems concern the formation of planetary systems around stars of various spectral classes; the nature of hot Jupiters; the reasons for the predominance of super-Earths and sub-Neptunes, which are absent in the Solar system; stability of planetary systems of binary stars, including circumbinary systems. Of particular interest are terrestrial planets with orbits in zones of “potential habitability”, studies of which open a new page in astrobiology.