TY - JOUR

T1 - Phylogenetic Position of a New Trisetacus Mite Species (Nalepellidae) Destroying Seeds of North American Junipers and New Hypotheses on Basal Divergence of Eriophyoidea

AU - Chetverikov, Philipp E.

AU - Rector, Brian G.

AU - Tonkel, Kirk

AU - Dimitri, Lindsay

AU - Cheglakov, Denis S.

AU - Romanovich, Anna E.

AU - Amrine, James

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2022/2/15

Y1 - 2022/2/15

N2 - Eriophyoid mites of the genus Trisetacus Keifer are widespread parasites of conifers. A new oligophagous species, T. indelis n. sp., was discovered severely damaging seeds of North American junipers (Juniperus osteosperma, J. occidentalis, and J. californica) in the western USA. It has two codon deletions in the mitochondrial gene Cox1 rarely detected in Eriophyoidea and includes distinct morphological dimorphism of females. A phylogenetic analysis based on amino acid alignment of translated Cox1 sequences using a large set of out-groups (a) determined that two North American congeners, T. batonrougei and T. neoquadrisetus, were the closest known relatives of T. indelis n. sp., and (b) indicated that Old and New World seed-inhabiting Trisetacus from junipers do not form a distinct clade, suggesting a possible independent transition to living in seeds of junipers in America and Eurasia by Trisetacus spp. Our analysis produced a new topology consistent with a scenario assuming gradual reduction of prodorsal shield setation in Eriophyoidea and an ancient switch from gymnosperms to other hosts. Additionally, our analysis did not support monophyly of Trisetacus; recovered a new host-specific, moderately supported clade comprising Trisetacus and Nalepellinae (Nalepella + Setoptus) associated with Pinaceae; and questioned the monophyly of Trisetacus associated with Cupressaceae.

AB - Eriophyoid mites of the genus Trisetacus Keifer are widespread parasites of conifers. A new oligophagous species, T. indelis n. sp., was discovered severely damaging seeds of North American junipers (Juniperus osteosperma, J. occidentalis, and J. californica) in the western USA. It has two codon deletions in the mitochondrial gene Cox1 rarely detected in Eriophyoidea and includes distinct morphological dimorphism of females. A phylogenetic analysis based on amino acid alignment of translated Cox1 sequences using a large set of out-groups (a) determined that two North American congeners, T. batonrougei and T. neoquadrisetus, were the closest known relatives of T. indelis n. sp., and (b) indicated that Old and New World seed-inhabiting Trisetacus from junipers do not form a distinct clade, suggesting a possible independent transition to living in seeds of junipers in America and Eurasia by Trisetacus spp. Our analysis produced a new topology consistent with a scenario assuming gradual reduction of prodorsal shield setation in Eriophyoidea and an ancient switch from gymnosperms to other hosts. Additionally, our analysis did not support monophyly of Trisetacus; recovered a new host-specific, moderately supported clade comprising Trisetacus and Nalepellinae (Nalepella + Setoptus) associated with Pinaceae; and questioned the monophyly of Trisetacus associated with Cupressaceae.

KW - Conifer pest

KW - Gall mites

KW - Host specificity

KW - Indel

KW - Seed ecology

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85124833055&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/ae63cf04-26d8-30e1-a6a8-dd53cbd46cfb/

U2 - 10.3390/insects13020201

DO - 10.3390/insects13020201

M3 - Article

C2 - 35206774

AN - SCOPUS:85124833055

VL - 13

JO - Insects

JF - Insects

SN - 2075-4450

IS - 2

M1 - 201

ER -