Carried out is an analysis of errors of different approximation methods for separating the long- and short-wave parts of the spectra of the vertical distribution of meteorological variables and gas components in the areas of dramatic variations of their vertical gradients close to the tropopause. Proposed is an integrated approach using the polynomial, piecewise-linear, and spectral filtration and enabling to minimize the errors of approximation of long- and short-wave components of profiles of meteorological characteristics in the troposphere and stratosphere including the tropopause area. The method is useful for analyzing the mean values and mesoscale variations of meteorological parameters measured by the modern balloon and satellite systems.