Soils of the Yelaginoostrovskii Palace and Park ensemble (St. Petersburg) were surveyed and mapped on a scale of 1 : 500. In total, 92 transects were laid, samples of the main soil types were taken, and their chemical properties were determined by conventional methods. The relationship of modern soil cover and directions of anthropogenic transformation of soils with the history of formation of different landscape areas of the park was revealed. It was shown that the spatial distribution of anthropogenic soil varieties with different thicknesses of stratified humus layers and amounts of anthropogenic inclusions may be predicted based on the park planning structure and historical features of its parts. Overall, 23% of the studied area is under buildings and road surfaces. On the rest territory, approximately equal shares are occupied by gray-humus stratozems (Hortic Anthrosols) and urban stratozems (Urbic Technosols), and there are also slightly anthropogenically transformed gray-humus gleyic soils (Gleyic Umbrisols) and humus-gley soils (Umbric Gleysols). The medium reaction of stratozems and urban stratozems is neutral or slightly alkaline (pH 7.0–7.5 and to 8.0 in the TCH horizon), and the carbon content of organic compounds in surface horizons (RYur, RUur, URay, and AU) is 3–4%. The artificial ground is characterized by the high content of available phosphorus (in the Olsen extract). The humus layer in many soils of the park is deeply and intensively burrowed by earthworms, which is typical for the hortic horizon. The results of the study can be used in park maintenance practices, when replacing fallen old trees and maintaining existing plantings with due account for soil characteristics.