In this work we report on neodymium doped yttrium vanadate colloidal nanoparticles as high resolution luminescent nanothermometers operating in near-infrared spectral range. Upon excitation at 808 nm relative intensities of Stark sublevels of ⁴F_3/2-⁴I_9/2 and ⁴F_3/2-⁴I_11/2 transitions demonstrate temperature dependence allowing for ratiometric luminescence nanothermometry in the I and II biological windows, respectively. The thermal sensitivities of both transitions have been successfully calculated in the biological temperature range. Penetration depth of luminescence signal has been also experimentally defined.