There are presented results of mycological examination of samples of soil and anthropogenic substrates, collected on the Yamal Peninsula. 40 species of micromycetes have been identified. The obtained results indicate to the qualitative difference in the complexes of micromycetes from soil and anthropogenic substrates in the examined area. On anthropogenic substrates dark-colored fungi were dominated Predominant group were known destructors of different materials and commensal human pathogens also. In soil samples from different depths species of the genus Penicillium and fungi of the genus Fusarium dominated clearly, that is quite typical for tundra soils. There is noted a general downward trend in species diversity and abundance of micromycetes with the increasing of the depth of the soil and the frozen ground. In the surface layer of soil there may occur species capable to move to man-made materials. The data obtained shows the feasibility of using the structure of complexes of micromycetes as an indicator index of anthropogenic impact on Arctic ecosystems.