TY - JOUR

T1 - Multisensor systems by electrochemical nanowire assembly for the analysis of aqueous solutions

AU - Nikolaev, Konstantin G.

AU - Ermolenko, Yury E.

AU - Offenhäusser, Andreas

AU - Ermakov, Sergey S.

AU - Mourzina, Yulia G.

PY - 2018/6/29

Y1 - 2018/6/29

N2 - The development of electrochemical multisensor systems is driven by the need for fast, miniature, inexpensive, analytical devices, and advanced interdisciplinary based on both chemometric and (nano)material approaches. A multicomponent analysis of complex mixtures in environmental and technological monitoring, biological samples, and cell culture requires chip-based multisensor systems with high-stability sensors. In this paper, we describe the development, characterization, and applications of chip-based nanoelectrochemical sensor arrays prepared by the directed electrochemical nanowire assembly (DENA) of noble metals and metal alloys to analyze aqueous solutions. A synergic action of the electrode transducer function and electrocatalytic activity of the nanostructured surface toward analytes is achieved in the assembled metal nanowire (NW) sensors. Various sensor nanomaterials (Pd, Ni, Au, and their multicomponent compositions) can be electrochemically assembled on a single chip without employing multiple cycles of photolithography process to realize multi-analyte sensing applications as well as spatial resolution of sensor analysis by this single-chip multisensor system. For multi-analyte electrochemical sensing, individual amperometric signals of two or more nanowires can be acquired, making use of the specific electrocatalytic surface properties of the individual nanowire sensors of the array toward analytes. To demonstrate the application of a new electrochemical multisensor platform, Pd-Au, Pd-Ni, Pd, and Au NW electrode arrays on a single chip were employed for the non-enzymatic analysis of hydrogen peroxide, glucose, and ethanol. The analytes are determined at low absolute values of the detection potentials with linear concentration ranges of 1.0 × 10-6 - 1.0 × 10-3 M (H2O2), 1.5 × 10-7 - 2.0 × 10-3 M (glucose), and 0.7 × 10-3 - 3.0 × 10-2 M (ethanol), detection limits of 2 × 10-7 M (H2O2), 4 × 10-8 M (glucose), and 5.2 × 10-4 M (ethanol), and sensitivities of 18 μA M-1 (H2O2), 178 μA M-1 (glucose), and 28 μA M-1 (ethanol), respectively. The sensors demonstrate a high level of stability due to the non-enzymatic detection mode. Based on the DENA-assembled nanowire electrodes of a compositional diversity, we propose a novel single-chip electrochemical multisensor platform, which is promising for acquiring complex analytical signals for advanced data processing with chemometric techniques aimed at the development of electronic tongue-type multisensor systems for flexible multi-analyte monitoring and healthcare applications.

AB - The development of electrochemical multisensor systems is driven by the need for fast, miniature, inexpensive, analytical devices, and advanced interdisciplinary based on both chemometric and (nano)material approaches. A multicomponent analysis of complex mixtures in environmental and technological monitoring, biological samples, and cell culture requires chip-based multisensor systems with high-stability sensors. In this paper, we describe the development, characterization, and applications of chip-based nanoelectrochemical sensor arrays prepared by the directed electrochemical nanowire assembly (DENA) of noble metals and metal alloys to analyze aqueous solutions. A synergic action of the electrode transducer function and electrocatalytic activity of the nanostructured surface toward analytes is achieved in the assembled metal nanowire (NW) sensors. Various sensor nanomaterials (Pd, Ni, Au, and their multicomponent compositions) can be electrochemically assembled on a single chip without employing multiple cycles of photolithography process to realize multi-analyte sensing applications as well as spatial resolution of sensor analysis by this single-chip multisensor system. For multi-analyte electrochemical sensing, individual amperometric signals of two or more nanowires can be acquired, making use of the specific electrocatalytic surface properties of the individual nanowire sensors of the array toward analytes. To demonstrate the application of a new electrochemical multisensor platform, Pd-Au, Pd-Ni, Pd, and Au NW electrode arrays on a single chip were employed for the non-enzymatic analysis of hydrogen peroxide, glucose, and ethanol. The analytes are determined at low absolute values of the detection potentials with linear concentration ranges of 1.0 × 10-6 - 1.0 × 10-3 M (H2O2), 1.5 × 10-7 - 2.0 × 10-3 M (glucose), and 0.7 × 10-3 - 3.0 × 10-2 M (ethanol), detection limits of 2 × 10-7 M (H2O2), 4 × 10-8 M (glucose), and 5.2 × 10-4 M (ethanol), and sensitivities of 18 μA M-1 (H2O2), 178 μA M-1 (glucose), and 28 μA M-1 (ethanol), respectively. The sensors demonstrate a high level of stability due to the non-enzymatic detection mode. Based on the DENA-assembled nanowire electrodes of a compositional diversity, we propose a novel single-chip electrochemical multisensor platform, which is promising for acquiring complex analytical signals for advanced data processing with chemometric techniques aimed at the development of electronic tongue-type multisensor systems for flexible multi-analyte monitoring and healthcare applications.

KW - Electrochemical sensor

KW - Ethanol

KW - Glucose

KW - Hydrogen peroxide

KW - Metal nanowire assembly

KW - Multisensor system

KW - Non-enzymatic

KW - Sensor array

KW - ELECTRONIC TONGUE

KW - electrochemical sensor

KW - multisensor system

KW - STABILIZED GOLD NANOSTRUCTURES

KW - ethanol

KW - HYDROGEN-PEROXIDE DETECTION

KW - ELECTROOXIDATION MECHANISM

KW - CARBON NANOTUBES

KW - NONENZYMATIC GLUCOSE SENSOR

KW - sensor array

KW - OXIDATION

KW - metal nanowire assembly

KW - glucose

KW - ETHANOL ELECTROOXIDATION

KW - hydrogen peroxide

KW - non-enzymatic

KW - NANOPARTICLES

KW - URIC-ACID

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85050363880&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fchem.2018.00256/full

UR - http://www.mendeley.com/research/multisensor-systems-electrochemical-nanowire-assembly-analysis-aqueous-solutions

U2 - 10.3389/fchem.2018.00256

DO - 10.3389/fchem.2018.00256

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85050363880

VL - 6

JO - Frontiers in Chemistry

JF - Frontiers in Chemistry

SN - 2296-2646

IS - JUN

M1 - 256

ER -