TY - JOUR

T1 - Multiple evolutionary transitions of reproductive strategies in a phylum of aquatic colonial invertebrates.

AU - Grant, H.

AU - Ostrovsky, A.N.

AU - Jenkins, H.

AU - Vieira, L.M.

AU - Gordon, D.P.

AU - Foster, P.

AU - Kotenko, O.N.

AU - Smith, A.M.

AU - Berning, B.

AU - Porter, J.S.

AU - Souto, J.

AU - Florence, W.K.

AU - Tilbrook, K.

AU - Waeschenbach, A.

PY - 2023/11/8

Y1 - 2023/11/8

N2 - Parental care is considered crucial for the enhanced survival of offspring and evolutionary success of many metazoan groups. Most bryozoans incubate their young in brood chambers or intracoelomically. Based on the drastic morphological differences in incubation chambers across members of the order Cheilostomatida (class Gymnolaemata), multiple origins of incubation were predicted in this group. This hypothesis was tested by constructing a molecular phylogeny based on mitogenome data and nuclear rRNA genes 18S and 28S with the most complete sampling of taxa with various incubation devices to date. Ancestral character estimation suggested that distinct types of brood chambers evolved at least 10 times in Cheilostomatida. In Eucratea loricata and Aetea spp. brooding evolved unambiguously from a zygotespawning ancestral state, as it probably did in Tendra zostericola, Neocheilostomata, and ‘Carbasea’ indivisa. In two further instances, brooders with different incubation chamber types, skeletal and non-skeletal, formed clades (Scruparia spp., Leiosalpinx australis) and (Catenicula corbulifera (Steginoporella spp. (Labioporella spp., Thalamoporella californica))), each also probably evolved from a zygote-spawning ancestral state. The modular nature of bryozoans probably contributed to the evolution of such a diverse array of embryonic incubation chambers, which included complex constructions made of polymorphic heterozooids, and maternal zooidal invaginations and outgrowths.

AB - Parental care is considered crucial for the enhanced survival of offspring and evolutionary success of many metazoan groups. Most bryozoans incubate their young in brood chambers or intracoelomically. Based on the drastic morphological differences in incubation chambers across members of the order Cheilostomatida (class Gymnolaemata), multiple origins of incubation were predicted in this group. This hypothesis was tested by constructing a molecular phylogeny based on mitogenome data and nuclear rRNA genes 18S and 28S with the most complete sampling of taxa with various incubation devices to date. Ancestral character estimation suggested that distinct types of brood chambers evolved at least 10 times in Cheilostomatida. In Eucratea loricata and Aetea spp. brooding evolved unambiguously from a zygotespawning ancestral state, as it probably did in Tendra zostericola, Neocheilostomata, and ‘Carbasea’ indivisa. In two further instances, brooders with different incubation chamber types, skeletal and non-skeletal, formed clades (Scruparia spp., Leiosalpinx australis) and (Catenicula corbulifera (Steginoporella spp. (Labioporella spp., Thalamoporella californica))), each also probably evolved from a zygote-spawning ancestral state. The modular nature of bryozoans probably contributed to the evolution of such a diverse array of embryonic incubation chambers, which included complex constructions made of polymorphic heterozooids, and maternal zooidal invaginations and outgrowths.

KW - Animals

KW - Bryozoa

KW - Invertebrates

KW - Phylogeny

KW - Reproduction/genetics

KW - brooding

KW - endotrophy

KW - planktotrophy

KW - larva

KW - viviparity

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/6459392d-06ec-3df6-9264-44ed0fa0aaf3/

U2 - 10.1098/rspb.2023.1458

DO - 10.1098/rspb.2023.1458

M3 - Article

C2 - 37909081

VL - 290

JO - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

JF - Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences

SN - 0962-8452

IS - 2010

M1 - 20231458

Y2 - 3 November 2023 through 3 November 2023

ER -