The purpose of this article is to find out the evolution of the contradictions within the Latin American left movement over the issue of guerrilla warfare that arose since the Cuban revolution. These deep disagreements led to a split within a number of Communist parties, and their activists were forced to choose between the CPSU (advocating a combination of legal and clandestine methods of struggle) or Cuba's attitude claiming for the guerrilla groups as a new avantgarde in the political struggle. This rupture became even more complicated because of the triple conflict between Moscow, Havana and Beijing over the modes to make revolutions. Some of the disputes had its origin at the Comintern epoch. The authors make a research of archive documents, media materials, as also memoirs comparing them with published literature. They also reveal some details of the guerrilla of Che in Bolivia.