The dissolution of the Warsaw Pact and the collapse of the Soviet Union at the turn of the 90s of the twentieth century significantly changed the balance of power in the international arena. The world for a while became really "unipolar" and US hegemony did not cause doubts. It seemed that the removal of ideological contradictions could give the world a hope for Russia's military-technical cooperation with Western countries in the common interests of strengthening international security. But the world did not become safer. International terrorism has become more active which was declared as the main threat to peace. After the end of the global confrontation between two different ideological systems, local regional military conflicts came to the fore (first of all in the Near and Middle East, North Africa). As it turned out, it is possible to overcome the ideological confrontation, but it is impossible to abolish the opposite geopolitical interests of the countries that have become accustomed to pursuing an independent policy. The discrepancy between the geopolitical interests of Russia, China and, to some extent, India, with the interests of the United States and its allies, objectively pushes these countries to the rapprochement of the positions in foreign policy and the strengthening of their military-technical cooperation. The attention of the scientific community is offered some results of years of author's research in the field of military-technical cooperation of Russia with other countries. In a series of two articles considered Russian military-technical cooperation with China (the first article), and then - with India (second article).