TY - JOUR

T1 - Microorganisms in Superficial Deposits on the Stone Monuments in Saint Petersburg

AU - Sazanova, Katerina V.

AU - Zelenskaya, Marina S.

AU - Vlasov, Alexey D.

AU - Bobir, Svetlana Yu

AU - Yakkonen, Kirill L.

AU - Vlasov, Dmitry Yu

N1 - Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

PY - 2022/1/29

Y1 - 2022/1/29

N2 - The composition of superficial deposits in urban environment and their importance in the development of the lithobiotic community of microorganisms has been investigated. Polyols, organic acids, mono-and disaccharides, as well as some amino acids, are the predominant low molecular weight organic components in superficial deposits, although the conditions on the stone surface are undoubtedly oligotrophic. Superficial deposits accumulate heavy metals, including Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd, in surface sediments, among which the potentially toxic elements Zn, Cu, and Pb are accumulated in rather high concentrations. On model of Aspergillus niger as an example, it was shown micromycetes are resistant to heavy metals and retain their physiological activity when grown on this substrate. According to cultural studies, as well as metagenomic analysis, stress-resistant fungi and dark organotrophic bacteria are the main inhabitants of surface sediments. Probably, in the conditions of accumulation of superficial deposits on the stone, these organisms are the main inhabitants of the surface of the stone. With the development of more multi-species lithobiotic communities, they form the core of these communities. In the urban environment this type of primary colonization of the stone is likely realized.

AB - The composition of superficial deposits in urban environment and their importance in the development of the lithobiotic community of microorganisms has been investigated. Polyols, organic acids, mono-and disaccharides, as well as some amino acids, are the predominant low molecular weight organic components in superficial deposits, although the conditions on the stone surface are undoubtedly oligotrophic. Superficial deposits accumulate heavy metals, including Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd, in surface sediments, among which the potentially toxic elements Zn, Cu, and Pb are accumulated in rather high concentrations. On model of Aspergillus niger as an example, it was shown micromycetes are resistant to heavy metals and retain their physiological activity when grown on this substrate. According to cultural studies, as well as metagenomic analysis, stress-resistant fungi and dark organotrophic bacteria are the main inhabitants of surface sediments. Probably, in the conditions of accumulation of superficial deposits on the stone, these organisms are the main inhabitants of the surface of the stone. With the development of more multi-species lithobiotic communities, they form the core of these communities. In the urban environment this type of primary colonization of the stone is likely realized.

KW - Cultural heritage

KW - Dark-colored fungi

KW - Heavy metals

KW - Organotrophic bacteria

KW - Superficial deposits

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85123588895&partnerID=8YFLogxK

UR - https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/ed7de0fa-c049-3122-96ef-5c904238af65/

U2 - 10.3390/microorganisms10020316

DO - 10.3390/microorganisms10020316

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85123588895

VL - 10

JO - Microorganisms

JF - Microorganisms

SN - 2076-2607

IS - 2

M1 - 316

ER -