In this work, we show theoretical and experimental backgrounds of the synthesis of new nanocomposites based on the metallic matrix with TiC and carbon nanofibers (NFs) as a disperse phase. The combined approach is described for the production of metal-based composites. This approach includes the processes of powder metallurgy and surface structuring of the disperse phase. The authors developed a uniform introduction of titanium carbide NFs and carbon NFs into the bulk metal composite using powder metallurgy.