The progress in genomic and proteomic investigations has greatly expanded the range of subjects aimed in discovering of mechanisms involved in the regulation of plant growth and development under changing of environmental conditions. Another systemic biology approach, which is known as metabolomics, has almost the same significance. It focuses on the study of dynamics of low molecular compounds which results from the complex metabolic processes in the cell. The intensity of these processes is under the influence of both biotic and abiotic stress factors. Studies on metabolic analysis are carried out not only with model objects, but also with cultivated plants, including potatoes, listed among top 10 of the most valuable crops. This review aims to summarize the available literature data on systemic biochemical rearrangements detected with metabolic approach in potato under the action of pathogenic viruses and microorganisms, insects, as well as under the influence of abiotic stressors on potato plants. Recent data indicates that metabolic analysis allows characterization of the development and progression of viral and bacterial diseases, as well as testing resistance to the infections in various potato species and varieties (H. Hamzehzarghani et al., 2016; T. Stare et al., 2015; H. Tai et al., 2014; S. Tomita et al., 2017). Significant changes in a number of secondary metabolites are shown. The metabolic approach has sufficient sensitivity to detect also alterations under environmental stress. In the review, it was considered that the results of metabolic rearrangements of the potato cell are directly linked to dehydrogenation, including osmotic and temperature stressors. The changes in the content of amino acids and sugars are of particular importance. However, a number of additional studies are required for evaluation of shifts in potatoes metabolism which are triggered under the combined stress factors action, for example, desiccation and hyperthermia (V. Arbona et al., 2013; M. Drapal et al., 2017; R.D. Hancock et al., 2014). An absolute majority of the metabolic data was obtained with various vegetative organs of potato plants. Unfortunately, metabolic profiles of generative organs have not been studied yet. There is no information on the metabolic profiling of pollen formation, including CMS-forms of potatoes. This indicates the importance of this direction in the investigation of potato metabolome. Further standardization of the metabolic analysis and methods of result processing will make it possible to use the metabolomics not only as an important component of fundamental research, but in time, as a basis for monitoring of collection samples and newly created varieties and hybrids of potatoes. Analysis of modern data indicates their perspective for phenotyping of different potato genotypes, as well as for identifying forms that are resistant to various types of unfavorable conditions.