The concepts of the structure-analytical theory of strength are used to formulate a version of the governing equations for materials undergoing martensitic transformations, taking into account the strains due to elasticity, thermal expansion, and the restructuring of the crystal lattice arising at martensitic transformations occurring under the influence of temperature, stress, and neutron irradiation. Examples of calculations of the strains due to the transformation plasticity, shape memory, and pseudoelasticity are given for model materials with various characters of the statistical scatter of the properties, representing both materials of the titanium nickelide type and iron-manganese alloys. The flow contours of these materials, phase portraits of the thermodynamic cycles of martentsitic energy converters, and the dependence of the strain on the accumulated dose of neutron irradiation are calculated. In most cases the calculated properties are in good qualitative agreement with the available experimental data.