We presented two cases of invasive aspergillosis (IA) in children with solid tumors, data of IA patients register, and a literature review. In the register of patients with IA (1997-2018), we found 57 patients with IA from 0 to 18 years. It was established that the number of patients with solid tumors was 15.7 %. Background diseases were: central nervous system tumors - 33.5 %, neuroblastoma - 33.5 %, osteosarcoma - 11.0 %, Wilms tumor - 11.0 %, hemangioblastoma - 11.0 %. Chemotherapy-induced neutropenia was reported in 100 % of IA cases in children and adolescents with solid tumors. The additional risk factors were treatment in intensive care unit - 22.2 %, high-dose chemotherapy with autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation - 22.2 %, concomitant bacterial infection - 33.0 %. Surgical intervention for the underlying disease was performed in 77.7 % of patients. The most common clinical site of IA was the lungs - 88.9 %. The predominant clinical sign was fever - 66.7 %, cough and respiratory failure were seen less frequently - 33.4 % and 33.4 %, respectively. The etiological agents of IA were Aspergillus fumigatus - 33.3 %, Aspergillus nidulans - 33.3 % and Aspergillus ustus - 33.3 %. 88.9 % of patients received antimycotic therapy, voriconazole predominantly - 66.7 %. Combination therapy was used in 33.3 % of patients. The overall 12.week survival in children and adolescents with IA in case of solid tumors was 77.8 %.