We assessed the effect of intake of easily digested carbohydrates for 133 days on quantitative parameters of neuromotorics and cognitive function in Wistar rats and C57Bl/6J mice. Neuromotorics (muscle tone) was assessed in rats and mice by the forelimb muscle force (grip strength) over 4 months. Anxiety was assessed in the elevated plus-maze test and cognitive function (short-term and long-term memory) was evaluated by conditioned passive avoidance response (CPAR) test over 3 months. The mice, in contrast to rats, receiving the diet with easily digested sugars demonstrated suppression of neuromotorics. Anxiety increased with age in female mice, but not in rats, irrespective of the diet. Cognitive function in rats receiving experimental rations did not change significantly in comparison with the control. In mice, consumption of equimolar mixture of fructose and glucose impared short-term, but not long-term memory, in comparison with the group receiving glucose alone. We revealed a small (by 14-17%), but statistically significant increase in the brain weight in mice receiving fructose and sucrose. The study demonstrates sufficient interspecies differences in the influence of carbohydrate rations on neuromotorics and behavioral responses in the in vivo metabolic syndrome model.