TY - JOUR

T1 - In-syringe dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using deep eutectic solvent as disperser

T2 - Determination of chromium (VI) in beverages

AU - Shishov, Andrey

AU - Terno, P.

AU - Moskvin, Leonid

AU - Bulatov, Andrey

N1 - Funding Information: Andrey Bulatov gratefully acknowledges the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (project no. 18-33-20004 ). Scientific research was performed using the equipment of the Research Park of St. Petersburg State University (Chemical Analysis and Materials Research Centre). Publisher Copyright: © 2019 Elsevier B.V. Copyright: Copyright 2019 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

PY - 2020/1/1

Y1 - 2020/1/1

N2 - A novel approach for dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the use of deep eutectic solvent as a disperser was presented for the first time. The procedure was automated based on an in-syringe flow system coupled with UV–Vis detection and demonstrated by the determination of chromium (VI) in beverages. This analytical task was used as a proof-of-concept example. The automated extraction procedure involved the aspiration of aqueous sample into a syringe pump with homogeneous mixture of extraction solvent (1-oсtanol) and deep eutectic solvent (tetrabutylammonium bromide – formic acid) containing color-forming reagent (1,5-diphenylcarbazide). This led to decomposition of deep eutectic solvent in aqueous phase resulting in dispersion of extraction solvent, oxidation of 1,5-diphenylcarbazide to 1,5- diphenylcarbazone in the presence of chromium (VI), and formation of colored chromium (III) complex with 1,5-diphenylcarbazone and its fast extraction. In this case composition of deep eutectic solvent played a key role for analyte extraction. Tetrabutylammonium bromide promoted mass transfer between aqueous phase and the extraction solvent droplets as a salting out agent, bromide ion acted as an ion-pare agent for analyte complex extraction, formic acid provided required pH value for analyte complex formation. Under the optimal conditions the limit of detection, calculated from a blank test based on 3s, was 0.2 μg L−1. The automated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using deep eutectic solvent as disperser can be considered as an available, efficient, rapid and environmentally friendly sample pretreatment approach.

AB - A novel approach for dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction based on the use of deep eutectic solvent as a disperser was presented for the first time. The procedure was automated based on an in-syringe flow system coupled with UV–Vis detection and demonstrated by the determination of chromium (VI) in beverages. This analytical task was used as a proof-of-concept example. The automated extraction procedure involved the aspiration of aqueous sample into a syringe pump with homogeneous mixture of extraction solvent (1-oсtanol) and deep eutectic solvent (tetrabutylammonium bromide – formic acid) containing color-forming reagent (1,5-diphenylcarbazide). This led to decomposition of deep eutectic solvent in aqueous phase resulting in dispersion of extraction solvent, oxidation of 1,5-diphenylcarbazide to 1,5- diphenylcarbazone in the presence of chromium (VI), and formation of colored chromium (III) complex with 1,5-diphenylcarbazone and its fast extraction. In this case composition of deep eutectic solvent played a key role for analyte extraction. Tetrabutylammonium bromide promoted mass transfer between aqueous phase and the extraction solvent droplets as a salting out agent, bromide ion acted as an ion-pare agent for analyte complex extraction, formic acid provided required pH value for analyte complex formation. Under the optimal conditions the limit of detection, calculated from a blank test based on 3s, was 0.2 μg L−1. The automated dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction using deep eutectic solvent as disperser can be considered as an available, efficient, rapid and environmentally friendly sample pretreatment approach.

KW - Beverages

KW - Chromium (VI)

KW - Deep eutectic solvent

KW - Disperser solvent

KW - Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction

KW - In-syringe flow system

KW - Limit of Detection

KW - Prunus avium/chemistry

KW - Solvents/chemistry

KW - Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/chemistry

KW - Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet

KW - Drinking Water/analysis

KW - Food Contamination/analysis

KW - Syringes

KW - Fruit and Vegetable Juices/analysis

KW - Carbonated Beverages/analysis

KW - Liquid Phase Microextraction/instrumentation

KW - Malus/chemistry

KW - 1-Octanol/chemistry

KW - Chromium/analysis

KW - Formates/chemistry

KW - PRECONCENTRATION

KW - TANDEM-MASS-SPECTROMETRY

KW - SPECTROPHOTOMETRIC DETERMINATION

KW - SOLIDIFICATION

KW - CHROMATOGRAPHY

KW - EXTRACTION

KW - SPECIATION

KW - PESTICIDES

KW - CR(VI)

KW - WATER SAMPLES

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85072144946&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120209

DO - 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120209

M3 - Article

C2 - 31514865

AN - SCOPUS:85072144946

VL - 206

JO - Talanta

JF - Talanta

SN - 0039-9140

M1 - 120209

ER -