The article is devoted to the consideration of the innovation component in the oil and gas sector of Russia, which is of great importance for its economy and which has undergone major changes during the years of market reforms. The Russian economy is largely dependent on the oil and gas sector, so the issues related to its innovative development are really significant. Innovation in this sector is a promising but relatively new activity for Russian companies. Their transition to the path of innovative development is often hampered by the lack of modern innovation infrastructure and professional management. The authors noted the most important processes affecting the development of the innovation component in oil and gas companies of Russia. Using specific examples, the authors show that Russian oil and gas companies are gradually forming their innovation ecosystems, thanks to which they have the opportunity to carry out innovative activities on the basis of market principles. The authors assess the level of development/maturity of the innovation ecosystem of several Russian oil and gas companies, propose the necessary criteria and scale for evaluation. The classification of factors affecting the internal ecosystem of innovations, used for the analysis, is based on their division into “hard” and “soft” ones. The indicators highlighting the condition of innovative activity of the companies are chosen. It is concluded that the formation of the corporate innovation ecosystem will contribute to the innovative development of the corporation itself, and the region in which it is based.