This paper presents a study of the influence of the initial structure of metal materials obtained from plastic deformation methods on the processes of heat generation under quasi-static tension and low cyclic tests. Experimental data on the dependence of changes in the fraction of latent energy during deformation on the anisotropy of the initial structure of polycrystalline specimens of copper M1, duralumin D16, titanium VT6, as well as the grain size of copper M1 and magnesium alloy AZ31B are presented. It is shown that the thermodynamics of the plastic deformation process significantly depends on the anisotropy of the initial structure of the materials, brought about by the material processing used, as well as on the features of the lattice and the development of a meso-defect structure.