The relevance of the article is that it addresses the issue of preserving the original culture of the Ukrainian population, whose ancestors in the XVIII century arrived in Ukraine from Central Europe. The scientific novelty lies in a comprehensive study of military settlements in New Serbia within the framework of political geography. The article analyzes the publications of researchers from different countries about New Serbia. The conclusion is that the authors did not study the history of New Serbia in the context of the current state of the territories included in the modern Kirovograd region. The article deals with the current state of culture and, in particular, the language in the villages founded by the migrants from Central Europe. The authors hypothesize that in the conditions of rapprochement with the EU countries and contradictions between the national policies of the EU and Ukraine in the territory of the former New Serbia (Central Ukraine), separatist sentiments may arise in the future.