Possibilities and prospects of using fractal concepts for studying several types of atmospheric aerosols are demonstrated in investigations at the Laboratory of Aerosol Physics, Institute of Physics, St. Petersburg State University (NIIF). A particle generator developed in the laboratory allows construction of aggregates with a fractal dimension D ranging from 1.3 to 1.8 on the basis of particles of various materials with radius r_o ≃ 18 ± 8 nm. Aerodynamic and adsorptive properties of fractal aggregates of lead iodide and bismuth dioxide were studied. Density, aerodynamic radius, specific area, and spectrum of pore sizes were measured and presented as functions of corresponding geometric characteristics of fractal objects. Optical properties of agglomerates of carbon black particles were investigated with respect to their dependence on fractal structure.