The behaviour of fluorine in acidic and alkaline soil and plants of different families was studied in long-term laboratory, pot and field experiments. The possibility of fluorine compounds accumulating in agricultural crops when using mineral fertilisers, industrial waste and ameliorants containing fluorine was established. The relationship between the content of water-soluble fluorine in soils and its translocation into plants of various biological families was experimentally and empirically revealed. Individual plant species were ranked according to their ability to accumulate fluorine in their tissues. The influence of chemical soil reclamation approaches on the reduction of fluorine accumulation in crops was assessed. The possibility of using cotton plants to indicate the spread of fluorine from the chimneys of an ammophos plant is demonstrated. A relationship was established between the content of fluorine on plant leaves as a technogenic dust and its concentration in cotton tissues. The distribution of fluorine was assessed in the profile of an Albic Retisol limed with fluorine-containing industrial waste and irrigated with Irragric Anthrosol contaminated with fluorine.