The paper examines parallels and difference between representation strategies of Maria Theresia and Catherine the Great. It is based on two groups of interrelated images illustrating double nature of the Empress, i.e. ruler and woman — portraits commemorating succession to the throne and function of a defender of the land, on the one hand (coronation portrait, equestrian portrait, portrait in a national costume), and portraits symbolizing her functions connected with the family and reproducing dynasty (family portrait, ancestral portrait gallery), on the other.